A Synthesis Of Intersectionality Theory And Institutional...

Research Contexts My theoretical framework is a synthesis of intersectionality theory and institutional ethnography. Intersectionality, vastly simplified, outlines the ways in which individuals’ multiple social positions are transformative rather than additive, and how those who are marginalized by class, race, gender and sexuality experience those structures in combination. Such research also seeks to challenge inequity (Nuà ±ez 2014). Multiple scholars have taken up this concept that comes out of black lesbian feminist thought and use it to understand how social structures create unique subject positions that are often characterized by simultaneous privileged and marginalized identities, now expanded to include categories such as disability as well as studies of privilege. Institutional ethnography considers institutional organization as it is constituted through the textual as well as constitutive of individual lived experience, emphasizing the discursive nature of organizational practices . The social construction of subjects by institutions (such as Smith College), found in its memos and bureaucratic measures, precedes and makes possible the interaction between the two (Smith 2002). Inequalities among groups of students, then, are reproduced and created by the college. Nuà ±ez (2014) seeks to advance a model of intersectional education research that, like institutional ethnography, seeks to study the relationships between identity or the individual and other levels of

Socrates A Revolutionary Philosopher Who Posed a Threat...

Socrates was a revolutionary thinker. He brought new ideas and processes of thought to Athenian society and his work still has its place in the world today. However during his time, his ideas were not always thought of as a good thing. Many viewed him as a corrupting influence on other people and accused him of forcing his ideas upon others. Perhaps most frequently the center of controversy was his thoughts on theocracy and piety as seen in the Plato’s Euthyphro. Socrates also appears at the butt end of Aristophanes’ comedy Clouds, where he is satirically ridiculed and seemingly corrupting the youth of Athens in his school, the Thinkery. Although virtually completely seen as a positive influence now, in ancient times, Socrates may have†¦show more content†¦However in Plato’s Euthyphro, it can be argued that Socrates plays a similar role. In the Euthyphro, Socrates discusses piety in general and what makes things and people pious. Socrates claims he wants to learn more on the subject so that he may better defend himself against the treasonous charges against him. In a way, Euthyphro represents the traditional Athenian way of thinking. He believes in and supports all of the gods and does not submit to Socrates’ prodding of the subject, although he does walk away from him in frustration at the end of the dialogue. However it can safely be said that most Athenians would agree with Euthyphro’s opinion of the gods and to disagree could most certainly be punishable by law, as Socrates was. Socrates’ search for the definition of piety is a difficult one that tests Euthyphro’s patience and ultimately leaves the characters and the reader without an answer. Every time Euthyphro proposes an answer, Socrates is quick to counter it with some thought. Interpreting Socrates’ tone and meaning here is important. Some may see Socrates to be quite demeaning in these instances, almost teasing Euthyphro because he clai ms to be so pious yet he cannot even define the word. In this way, similar to Aristophanes’ Clouds, Socrates plays a subversive role in the Euthyphro. Anytime revolutionary ideas and ways of thinking are introduced to society, it can dangerous. Often timesShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthe sign, and she agrees with Emilio that the nearby stream might not even contain Giardia, so she decides to do whatever the majority wants. She adds that the three of you might get lucky while you are hiking out and meet someone who can help, maybe a hiker who knows more about Giardia or has extra watersterilization tablets. Then again, you might not be so lucky; you didnt pass anybody on the way in. Hiking out while you all have a bad case of Giardia might even be life threatening. EmilioRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesLibrary and Information Center Management Recent Titles in Library and Information Science Text Series Library and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions

The Significance of International Sports Essay Example For Students

The Significance of International Sports Essay The Significance of International SportsInternational sporting events have become somewhat of a staple in todays society, whether it be the Olympics, the World Cup, or exhibition games between the New York Yankees and the Tokyo Giants. These competitions generally bring out high spirits and intense enthusiasm. Most people envision sports as childhood pastimes, played for fun and recreation. However, in a lot of cases, international sporting events mean more than just the game or event themselves because they inspire nationalism and patriotism. The patriotism and nationalism that these events inspire, however, is not always positive and can sometimes legitimize superiority claims or inspire anti-foreign sentiment. In 1936, the summer Olympics took place in Germany, where at the time dictator Adolph Hitler was claiming that the Germans were a master race and he would surely be proven right in the Olympic games where the Germans would obviously win every gold medal because they were so superior. Jesse Owens and other incredible African-American and Jewish athletes proved Hitler wrong. Owens persevered to capture four gold medals in the 1936 Olympics; in the 100-meters sprint, the 200-meter sprint, the long jump and the 400-meter relay, breaking two Olympic records and one world record. Jesse Owenss record for the long jump set in the 1936 Olympics stood for twenty-five years. The German spectators gave Owens a very large standing ovation. In the unofficial point system drawn up by the American Olympic Committee the American male track and field team scored 203 points. Owens, amazingly, scored 40 points by himself, almost two-thirds the total of the entire German track and field team. When Jesse Owens made his triumphant return to the United States, he was honored and celebrated with a New York ticker tape parade, and awarded many honors. Even though the United States was not yet at war with Nazi Germany, the people knew of Hitlers white supremacy policy, but did n ot interfere with it because the citizens were extremely bent towards isolationism following the first World War and the Great Depression. Owenss triumphs in the 1936 Olympics lifted the spirits of the American people who were still greatly battling the Great Depression. Owens was turned into a national icon and political figure, and reportedly received 10,000 dollars to endorse Republican candidate Alf Landon in the 1936 Presidential election. The fact that Alf Landon tried to capitalize on Jesse Owenss success gives a better picture of just how intense the patriotism surrounding Jesse Owens had amounted to; the Republican party believed that the American voters would cast their vote based on the endorsement of an Olympic hero. The significance of Jesse Owenss triumphs in relation to society proves that the 1936 Olympic Games were more than just games. One of the major reasons that Hitler believed his Aryan athletes to be racially superior in the 1936 Olympics was because of the boxing match between Joe Louis and Max Schmeling, in which Schmeling knocked Louis out in twelve rounds. What was most interesting leading up to the match was that Hitler privately was upset with Schmeling for accepting the match because he had so little chance to win. Historian Chris Mead wrote: When he got back to Germany, Schmeling lunched with Adolf Hitler in Munich . . .The dictator was upset that Schmeling was risking Germanys reputation in a fight against a black man when there was so little chance of victory. With his usual self-confidence, Schmeling assured his Fuehrer that he had a good chance to win, and Hitler presented the boxer with an autographed picture of himself. Schmeling hung the picture of Hitler in his study. One of the reasons for Hitlers private misgiving about the fight was that Schmeling had already been knocked out by a Jew, Max B aer. Therefore, prior to the fight, the German government completely detached itself from Schmeling. After the fight, however, Schmeling became a national hero and a symbol of Germany. Therefore, when the rematch came in 1938, the boxing match was a metaphor for the impending second World War, and America was rooting wildly for Louis-when Louis stopped by Washington DC early in 1938 to meet President Roosevelt, the president gripped Louiss right arm and said, Joe, were depending on those muscles for America. Dave Kindred of the Sporting News theorized that the fights between Louis and Scmeling were so significant because, More than any other sports event, a fight can be laden with meaning beyond itself. Thats because boxing is the simplest and rawest of games, hand-to-hand combat by two men with the winner decided by his ability to deliver more punishment than he accepts. And the drama is all but irresistible because boxing is the beast in the human animal, at once repulsive and com pelling. The rematch lasted less than a round; Louis knocked out Scmeling in two minutes and four seconds. Heywood Broun of the New York World Telegram theorized that this was the turning point in the war that had not even officially begun: One hundred years from now some historian may theorize, in a footnote at least, that the decline of Nazi prestige began with a left hook delivered by a former unskilled automotive worker who had never studied the policies of Neville Chamberlain and had no opinion whatever in regard to the situation in Czechoslovakia. In my opinion, the series of two fights between Louis and Schmeling remain the most significant international sporting events in US History because the complete morale of two world powers rested on the shoulders of the two men in what were the metaphorical first two battles between the United States and Germany in World War II. Once every four years, the World Cup of soccer takes place, stirring up patriotism and nationalism all over the place. In the 1998 World Cup in France, future Axis of Evil member Iran battled the United States for soccer supremacy. The Iranian soccer fans, who had been chanting Death to America during international soccer competition for nearly two decades , saw their national soccer team get its first ever World Cup victoryagainst the enemy of the Iranian people no less. Celebration of the feat flooded the streets of Tehran. Tonight, again, the strong and arrogant opponent felt the bitter taste of defeat at your hands, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the nation of Irans spiritual leader, said in a message to his team. Be happy that you have made the Iranian nation happy. While the United States soccer team probably was not arrogant since they are inferior to virtually all Latin American and European national soccer, Khamenei was rhetorically referring to the victory as a metaphor of Iran as a nation triumphing over the United States. It is safe to say that the entire nation of Iran, which is no torious in its hatred for the United States, were in assent with Khameneis comments and felt as if they themselves had achieved victory over the arrogant Americans. The coach of the Iranian soccer team, Jahal Talebi chose more mature words than Khamenei: It is a big victory for the Iranian nation, Talebi said. Not because it was the United States, but because it was Irans first World Cup win. Talebi, being on the field, did not criticize the Americans as arrogant opponents, because unlike Khamenei, his sole interest in the game did not lie in fanning the flames of the anti-American sentiment. He was just happy that his team could achieve victory and inspire positive nationalism as opposed to negative nationalism that Khamenei was intentionally provoking, rendering the competition between Iran and the United States to be more than just a game of soccer. It is no secret that the two countries that are the most fervent about watching baseball are currently Japan and the United States. In recent years, Japanese baseball players such as Hideo Nomo, Ichiro Suzuki, and Hideki Matsui have had an increasing amount of success in the major leagues in America. For two of the past four years, Major League Baseball (MLB)s opening day has taken place in Japan. This past year, the New York Yankees, for whom Hideki Matsui plays, opened their season in Japan. However, before their official opening day they played exhibition games against the Hanshin Tigers and Yamiuri Giants, Matsuis former team. Fans from all over Japan flocked to see the exhibition and MLB games. In the second game of the MLB season, Hideki Matsui hit a home run against the Devil Rays, causing the Tokyo Dome to erupt in standing ovation, a rarity in Japan. The opening of the season in Japan was significant because the Japanese fans got to see their hometown hero contributing to the success of the Yankees, inspiring a strong sense of pride. While many Japanese players are flourishing right now in America, mana ger Bobby Valentine is doing the opposite right now and is managing the Chibe Lotte Marines. Valentine, who managed the New York Mets to the 2000 World Series is now in his second cycle of managing the Marines. When asked why he is making a second cycle in Japan, Valentine replied, I dont know if it is Japanese baseball so much as this team. It is an association that was established in 1995 that never went away, with both the owner and many of the people in the organization. I think they deserve more than what they have gotten over the last 20 years or so, and hopefully, I will be able to deliver that. Valentine is a mega-celebrity in Chibe Lotte, and will become a national hero if he restores the team to legitimacy in the Japanese baseball league. The significance of his returning to Japan after leading an American team to the World Series is that it shows that Japanese Baseball is gaining respect and notoriety in America and all over the world; one of the reasons that Japan became so militaristic prior to World War II was because of the lack of respect shown to them as a nation. It is important for there to be positive nationalism in Japan just as there has to be in Iran and it is nice to see positive sentiment towards Americans in foreign countries. The most recent example of international sporting competition that held extreme significance to America was the 1980 Miracle on Ice.The U.S. Olympic hockey team, who had lost poorly to the Russians 10-3 in an exhibition game just days before the 1980 Olympic tournament had begun, somehow found a way to defeat Russia when the gold was on the line. U.S. coach Herb Brooks said it best before the game in a pep talk to his team: You were born to be hockey players. You were meant to be here. This moment is yours. Mike Eruzione scored a goal with 10 minutes left in regulation to break a 3-3 tie, and the United States held on for a 4-3 victory on Feb. 22, 1980. The Soviet Union, prior to 1980, had won eight of the previ ous nine Olympic golds. The reason that the Miracle on Ice was so significant was because after World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers. Throughout the next half a century, the two nations were involved in the Cold War, during which the two nations were involved in an intense nuclear arms race, the iron curtain, containment, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the controversy over the Berlin Wall. The Miracle on Ice signified the beginning of the end for the Soviet Union, which collapsed in December of 1991, finally ending the Cold War. The American people have not been so jubilant about a sporting event since the Miracle on Ice and may never get so excited about competition in sports again. The game will never be forgotten by millions of Americans who remember partaking in air raid drills in fear of a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. Nobody who watched the game or has ever seen the highlights will ever forget the famous call of broadcaster Al Michae ls at the end of the game when he shouted, DO YOU BELIEVE IN MIRACLES?! YES! It is said that the post-Cold War Olympic games are not nearly as interesting as they were during the Cold WarThe present controversies have little drama compared to the boycotts, kidnappings, and steroid scandals are not nearly as intense as when the two superpowers brought their angst to the playing fields. Notre Dame Observer reporter believes that the lack of intensity in viewing the Olympics takes place because America is the Worlds only superpower: The post-Cold War Olympics just dont measure up somehow. I think this is because the United States is now the worlds only superpower. Our nation dominates every field of human activity from film to food, fashion to finance. Our cultural, economic, diplomatic and military power is unmatched. It should come as no surprise that this power is being transferred to international sports. Nor should it be a surprise that other countries carp and complain about this dominance. Any cursory study of history will show that powerful nations attract competitors. What is true of geo-politics is true of sport. I completely agree with his opinion; the drama in international sports is caused by competition diplomatically. Because Americas current enemies, the terrorists, do not sponsor their own Olympic team, it is impossible to watch the Olympics with the same fervor. Slave Revolt EssayPresident Ronald Reagan, in his famous Berlin Wall Speech on June 12, 1987, alluded to the significance that international sporting events, and more specifically the Olympics, carry: One final proposal, one close to my heart: Sport represents a source of enjoyment and ennoblement, and you may have noted that the Republic of KoreaSouth Koreahas offered to permit certain events of the 1988 Olympics to take place in the North. International sports competitions of all kinds could take place in both parts of this city. And what better way to demonstrate to the world the openness of this city than to offer in some future year to hold the Olympic games here in Berlin, East and West? Reagan viewed sports as so significant that they could help rebuild Berlin, a city torn apart by the Cold War. In this case, international sports clearly had significance beyond the playing field because President Reagan intended for them to serve to help rebuild a city in the future that had been split in half during the Cold War. In conclusion, international competition in real life oftentimes translates into the significance of competition in sports. Countless examples of this phenomenon have taken place-especially in the Olympics and the World Cup of soccer. Usually, this extreme competition brings out the best in people, but it can also sometimes encourage negative nationalism or patriotism as it did in the 1998 World Cup. It will be interesting to see what this years Olympics bring in terms of events extending beyond the field of play. .White House Dream Team: Jesse Owens. whitehouse.gov. 2 May 2004 . .White House Dream Team: Jesse Owens. whitehouse.gov. 2 May 2004 . .Urban Legends: Jesse Owens and Adolf Hitler. 26 Feb. 1995. 2 May 2004 . .White House Dream Team: Jesse Owens. whitehouse.gov. 2 May 2004 . .Barnett, C. Robert. Owens, Jesse. 2 May 2004 . .KIndred, Dave. Joe Louis biggest knockout. The Sporting News 10 Feb. 1999. 2 May 2004 . .KIndred, Dave. Joe Louis biggest knockout. The Sporting News 10 Feb. 1999. 2 May 2004 . .KIndred, Dave. Joe Louis biggest knockout. The Sporting News 10 Feb. 1999. 2 May 2004 . .KIndred, Dave. Joe Louis biggest knockout. The Sporting News 10 Feb. 1999. 2 May 2004 . .KIndred, Dave. Joe Louis biggest knockout. The Sporting News 10 Feb. 1999. 2 May 2004 . .KIndred, Dave. Joe Louis biggest knockout. The Sporting News 10 Feb. 1999. 2 May 2004 . .Iran Tops US 2-1. cnnsi.com. 22 June 1998. 2 May 2004 . .Iran Tops US 2-1. cnnsi.com. 22 June 1998. 2 May 2004 . .Iran Tops US 2-1. cnnsi.com. 22 June 1998. 2 May 2004 . .Blum, Ronald. Yankees gain revenge on Devil Rays with 12-1 rout. USA Today 31 Mar. 2004, Natl ed. 2 May 2004 . .Gallagher, Jack. Valentine, Marines set sail again. The Japan Times 30 Mar. 2004. 2 May 2004. .Gallagher, Jack. Valentine, Marines set sail again. The Japan Times 30 Mar. 2004. 2 May 2004. .Bedean, Michael. Why they call it a Miracle. espn.com. 23 Feb. 2004. 2 May 2004. .Bedean, Michael. Why they call it a Miracle. espn.com. 23 Feb. 2004. 2 May 2004. .Bedean, Michael. Why they call it a Miracle. espn.com. 23 Feb. 2004. 2 May 2004. .Flipse, Scott. How I learned to love the Olympics. The Observer 26 Feb. 2002. 2 May 2004. .Flipse, Scott. How I learned to love the Olympics. The Observer 26 Feb. 2002. 2 May 2004. 23. Ronald Reagans Berlin Wall Speech. usa-patriotism. 2 May 2004 .

Stakeholder

The importance of SBE While discussing the importance of Stakeholder-Based Evaluation, it is necessary to consider some basic points of the case study. First of all, it should be noted that the main purpose of the study is to show how the organizational context and certain evaluation methods can help the stakeholders with feedback for program improvement. The basic advantages of Stakeholder-Based Evaluation include improved evaluation’s credibility of stakeholders, a concentration on certain purposes and staff development.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Stakeholder-Based Evaluation in the Organizational Context specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, one is to keep in mind that there are two key approaches concerning program evaluation. On the one hand, systemic collection of certain data is recognized to be one of the most effective ways to reduce uncertainties. On the other hand, program evaluation is regarded as a methodologically oriented application of certain procedures. In other words, one can conclude that there are two different positions concerning program evaluation. Scientific objectivity and its meaning Another important point, which cannot be neglected, is that program evaluation is to be based on communication of findings. Generally, it should be pointed out that the selection of the evaluation criteria is extremely important, in order to meet the requirements of a client. Taking into account this fact, one can probably notice that the interpretation of findings totally depends upon the stakeholders, who seem to be the experts of their program. â€Å"Stakeholders must be part of the evaluation to ensure that their unique perspectives are understood. When stakeholders are not appropriately involved, evaluation findings are likely to be ignored, criticized, or resisted† (Milstein Wetterhall, 2012, para. 28). Rossi, Lipsey and Freeman (2004) emphasize the ev aluation of social programs, as according to them such programs are designed â€Å"to benefit the human condition – rather than efforts that have such purposes as increasing profits or amassing influence and power† (p. 6). In other words, it is obvious that the concentration on purposes rather than activities can be regarded as one of the key advantages of SBE. Formative evaluations It should be noted that the focus of the evaluation plays a dominant role. For instance, one focus can be related to program design; while another one can be related to program implementation. As far as the focus determines the principal goals of the program, different types of evaluations can be created. To choose formative evaluations, it is necessary to determine the ways, which can be used to make the program more effective. On the other hand, there is also a need to define reasonable links between program activities and purposes. There should be certain program adjustments, which can i mprove program performance. Finally, it is also important to define emergent problems in the program and determine certain types of clients the program can be applied to.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Needs Assessment The Needs Assessment is considered to be the type of evaluation, which focuses on prioritizing certain needs. The type gives stakeholders an opportunity to highlight the basic dimensions of problems and determine various areas where new programs can be used. This type of evaluation is used to identify demands of target populations. A process evaluation A process evaluation should be based on multiple research methods, including using certain data sources and qualitative methodologies. Conclusion Stakeholder-Based Evaluation can be based on two different orientations. Evaluation researches are recognized to be extremely important, as they help resolve var ious contradictions, concerning significant social issues. References Milstein, B., Wetterhall, S. (2012). A Framework for Program Evaluation: A Gateway To Tools. Ku.edu. Retrieved from:  https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/evaluation/framework-for-evaluation/main Rossi, P., Lipsey, M., Freeman. H. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach. Sage Publications, Inc. Retrieved from:  https://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=8K3Ax5s7x5oCoi=fndpg=PR9dq=rossi+stakeholder+based+evaluationots=Lm6XsuOnBPsig=jfqVgvPYjVzDumh3mUgbzUbeIUcredir_esc=y#v=onepageqf=false This report on Stakeholder-Based Evaluation in the Organizational Context was written and submitted by user Derrick Price to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Powerful Men Behave Badly, Why Powerful Women Dont

Why Powerful Men Behave Badly, Why Powerful Women Don't Why do so many sex scandals involve men of influence and power? Whether theyre politicians, heads of state or business leaders, powerful men are frequently linked to incidents involving cheating, infidelity, prostitution, sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, and other inappropriate behavior toward women. Why do we rarely see powerful women in the same situation? Experts on human behavior suggest it may come down to biology and opportunity. Prolific Equals SurvivalTIME senior editor Jeffrey Kluger reminds us of some basic science: Human males have never been thought of as models of sexual restraint - and with good reason....The goal of any organism, after all, is to ensure the survival and propagation of its genes, and males - far more so than females - are eminently equipped to do that. Even the worlds most reproductively prolific mothers rarely produce more than eight or nine children in a lifetime. Males can conceive everyday, even multiple times a day, and come emotionally hardwired to do just that. What are females hardwired to do? Select and mate with males who will provide good genes and stick around long enough to help ensure their offspring will reach maturity. Preferring Powerful MalesDavid Carrier, a University of Utah biology professor, explains why in the animal kingdom, females prefer powerful males: From the perspective of sexual selection theory, women are attracted to powerful males, not because powerful males can beat them up, but because powerful males can protect them and their children from other males. What physical power and brute strength is to the animal kingdom, political power is to the human race. And the greater the amount of power and control, the greater the access to desirable females and the more opportunity to mate. More Power, More SexDarwinian historian Laura Betzig who has studied sex and politics for decades, ties power to sex  as far back as the royal fertility rites in Sumer nearly 6,000 years ago. Attractive females became a commodity when Egyptian kings demanded beautiful servant girls from their provincial governors. Betzig provides examples across cultures and centuries to illustrate her point: the more powerful a man/monarch/ruler is, the more women he has sex with. She cites R.H. van Guliks survey Sexual Life in China to illustrate the power/sex differential: [Gulik] says that by the 8th century BC, kings kept one queen (hou), three consorts (fu-jen), nine wives of second rank (pin), 27 wives of third rank (shih-fu), and 81 concubines (yu-chi). That was the tip of the iceberg: imperial harems numbered in the thousands. Lesser men kept fewer women. Great princes kept hundreds; minor princes, 30; upper middle-class men might have six to 12; middle class men might have three or four. The Point of Politics is SexBetzig draws comparisons to Darwin and his theory of natural (and sexual) selection which posits that the whole point of competition is reproduction, and sums it up simply: To put it plainly, the point of politics is sex. Much has changed since ancient China. Most of the world does not regard the unfettered conquest of females as either politically prudent or culturally acceptable. Yet some political leaders (especially married ones) still behave as if the more women they bed, the better. Sexual HubrisThe Washington Post referred to this as a leaders sexual hubris† and like Betzig, Kluger and Carrier acknowledged that leadership has long been associated with sexual dominance throughout history and within the animal kingdom. Though current social norms create pressure to squelch that sort of behavior, it erupts with such regularity that the Post asked a panel of experts: Why do so many leaders fall prey to confusing power with sexual charisma? Because It CanBusiness owner and consultant Lisa Larson likens sexual hubris to a dog licking its nether regions it happens because it can: As Baron Acton said, Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Inappropriate sexual conduct is a form of corruption.... She opines that men may be spurred by two reasons: The first is what I call Revenge of the Nerds....when someone who could achieve great things academically but suffered through romantic rejection during their youth suddenly find themselves in a position to be able to get what they want....The second is what I call the Sally Field syndrome they like me, they really like me....Power is sexy and people in positions of power often find themselves recognized in public, being praised and flattered as never before. Its hard for that not to go to your head. Power as AphrodisiacMarie Wilson, founder and president of The White House Project and the co-creator of Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day, focuses more on the seductive power of power. She acknowledges that the sexual jolt power conveys is rarely discussed: Power is the most potent aphrodisiac. Forget oysters, power is at the top of the menu when it comes to sexual arousal.... We caution powerful people about how their power needs to be carefully used when it comes to making decisions that affect their office or enterprise, but I wonder how many are warned about the new magnetism they suddenly have (and wont have once their power is gone)....Because our sexual power is tied into our ego, as the political ego develops, so may political id... [T]he sexual undercurrent running through politics is strong, and its used all the time openly or behind the scenes. But its a power source that has to be reckoned with in leadership, and one that is all to rarely discussed outside of the lascivious details when a scandal erupts. Equal Opportunity CorruptionWilson doesnt believe that powers sexual potency is gender specific. She shares her own experience of winning a local election and finding that men contacting her were interested in more than constituent services. Like Wilson, Kluger also acknowledges that power and sex can corrupt women just like men and describes the work of Larry Josephs, a professor of psychology at Adelphi University, who uses a new measure of behavior thats called the dark side: Men, certainly, arent the only people who abuse their power sexually. Women exhibit the dark side...too, and can become accustomed to power and its perks as easily as a man can. Whats more, testosterone, a primal driver of dominance behavior, is not the exclusive province of men either. Women produce testosterone just like men do, even if at different levels, says Josephs. That means women have testosterone-driven tendencies as well, and that pays dividends. Dominant animals tend to be more reproductively successful whether theyre male or female. Its true that very few headlines highlight the sexual indiscretions of powerful women and no politically prominent female thus far has been accused of rape or sexual assault. But that may change as increasing numbers of women rise to positions of political power. Women have been seeking the same opportunities as men for centuries. Once those opportunities are realized and we achieve some semblance of equality, will we successfully avoid the dark side or victimize others as weve been historically victimized? Sources:Betzig, Laura. Sex in History.  Michigan Today, michigantoday.umich.edu. March 1994.Kluger, Jeffrey. The Caligula Effect: Why Powerful Men Compulsively Cheat. TIME.com. 17 May 2011.Larson, Lisa. The female advantage. views.washingtonpost.com. 11 March 2011.Pearlstein, Steve and Raju Narisetti. A leaders sexual hubris? views.washingtonpost.com. 11 March 2010.Standing up to fight. Terradaily.com. 23 May 2011.Wilson, Marie. Beware new leaders. views.washingtonpost.com. 12 March 2010.

Fallacies Straw Man Arguments

Fallacies Straw Man Arguments Fallacies: Straw Man Arguments Sadly, straw man arguments do not involve literal scarecrows. Rather, they are a type of fallacy: i.e., an argument that sounds convincing but contains hidden mistakes. But what exactly does a straw man argument involve? And how can you avoid them in your written work? What Is a Straw Man Argument? Could you beat this guy in an argument? Building a â€Å"straw man† implies constructing an idea that is easy to argue against rather than engaging with the real issue. This typically involves distorting your opponent’s ideas or beliefs to make it easier to refute them (even if you’re not â€Å"refuting† their actual arguments). For example, imagine an argument between Cheryl and Bob: Cheryl: Parents have a responsibility to expose their kids to learning at home as well as at school. Bob: Pedagogical theories that claim children don’t benefit from school are no use to anyone. Bob’s argument here is a â€Å"straw man† because he has misinterpreted what Cheryl was saying. And instead of responding to her suggestion that education can occur outside the classroom, he is arguing against something she never said: that children don’t benefit from school. Most straw man arguments are subtler than this. But they all involve misrepresenting someone to make it easier to win an argument. How to Avoid Straw Man Arguments It is possible to make a straw man argument without realizing it. This can happen, for example, if we don’t fully understand something that we are arguing about in a college paper. As such, to avoid this fallacy in your work, you should always: Read your source closely. And when you’ve read it once, re-read it so you have a full understanding of what the author is saying. Keep close track of your sources and cite them clearly. This will ensure you’re always engaging closely with the person you’re arguing against. Be charitable when interpreting your opponent’s arguments. Are you sure they mean what you think they mean? What else could they be saying? Look for sources that defend the position you’re arguing against. If they make good points, acknowledge and engage with these ideas in your work. Remember you’re trying to find the truth. If you need to distort someone’s ideas to beat them in an argument, you’re missing the point! With the above in mind, you should be able to avoid making straw man arguments. And if you’d like help expressing yourself clearly, don’t forget to get your work proofread.

Assignment One Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment One Statistics - Essay Example The researcher makes a general conclusion that all birds prefer to swim in the water. The researcher makes an error because the researcher was instructed to observe birds. Consequently, the researcher should have complied with the research conditions. The researcher should have observed all types of birds. For example, there are different types of birds. The seagulls fly over the waters to feed on fishes trying to take in air from the water’s surface. The monkey-eating eagles are eagles that eat monkeys for food. The swallow are small birds. The chickens prefer to stay on the ground, instead of swimming on the water. The Swan is a beautiful white bird that swims effortlessly inside a body of water. The ostrich is a bird that is as big a human being. Second, the researcher makes a general conclusion based on a certain group or community (Brady 138). For example, the researcher observes a group of Eskimo residents in their Igloo homes. The researcher, an Alaska resident, makes a n erroneous conclusion that human beings can freely live in an icy condition. The researcher makes general the conclusion that people are comfortable living and working in the subzero weather conditions. To correct the erroneous inquiry outcome, the researcher should have invited people to stay in Alaska, a subzero icy location. The African resident who arrives in Alaska’s subzero weather conditions will surely feel uncomfortable in the icy weather. The African resident is used to the hot 110 degree desert weather. The African resident will feel uncomfortable using the thick Eskimo dress. The same resident African resident will feel uncomfortable moving around the icy land surface using a sledge. Further, the rainforest resident would also feel uncomfortable living in the Igloos. The same rainforest would not engage in one’s favorite beach activities because the icy waters are too cold for human swimming. The rainforest citizen may not accept the sudden change of envir onment from the comfortable familiarity of the rains of the Amazon rainforest to the subzero weather condition. Third, the researcher makes illogical research reasoning (Schell 93). The researcher can make erroneous observation by implicating a wrong statistical procedure. For example, the total of the male count is erroneous written as 10 instead of the correct 1,000. If the true female count is 200, the wrong male count shows erroneous findings that the female respondents are more than the male respondents. Likewise, erroneous mixing up the data will generate a wrong research outcome. Consequently, the other research findings will erroneously crop up. The other research findings may include the erroneous finding that the males are erroneously better than females, in terms of making daily choices. Question 2. Inductive and deduction research. Deductive research starts from the general and finishes with the specific (Bachman 48). The researcher observes several animals. The research er observes that eagle has wings. The researcher also sees that the ostrich has wings. The researcher kingfisher bird has wings. Lastly, the researcher sees several ducks and swans effortlessly swimming in the nearby lake. Based on the researcher’s observation of the different types of birds, the researcher makes a concept or theory that all birds have wings. On the other hand, inductive research starts with the specific and finishes with